Modern Architecture Since 1900 Modern Architecture Since 1900 is now well established as the standard work on twentieth century architecture. Truly worldwide in scope, it combines a general outline of the growth of a modern tradition with a masterly analysis and interpretation of individual buildings. The author adopts an integrated approach blending practical, aesthetic and social dimensions yet the stress is on the format and symbolic aspects of the art. Modern Architecture Since 1900 deals with the expression of ideas in architectural terms.Prefaces 7
Introduction 11
1 The Idea of a Modern Architecture in the Nineteenth Century 21
2 Industrialization and the City: The Skyscraper as Type and Symbol 33
3 The Search for New Forms and the Problem of Ornament 53
4 Rationalism, the Engineering Tradition and Reinforced Concrete 73
5 Arts and Crafts Ideals in Britain and the U.S.A. 87
6 Responses to Mechanization: The Deutscher Werkbund and Futurism 99
7 The Architectural System of Frank Lloyd Wright 113
8 National Myths and Classical Transformations 131
9 Cubism, De Stijl and New Conceptions of Space 149
10 Le Corbusier's Quest for Ideal Form 163
11 Walter Gropius, German Expressionism and the Bauhaus 183
12 Architecture and Revolution in Russia 201
13 Skyscraper and Suburb: The U.S.A. Between the Wars 217
14 The Ideal Community: Alternatives to the Industrial City 241
15 The International Style, the Individual Talent and the Myth of Functionalism 257
16 The Image and Idea of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye at Poissy 275
17 The Continuity of Older Traditions 289
18 Nature and the Machine: Mies Van Der Rohe, Wright and Le Corbusier in the 1930 S 305
19 The Spread of Modern Architecture to Britain and Scandinavia 329
20 Totalitarian Critiques of the Modern Movement 351
21 International, National, Regional: The Diversity of a New Tradition 371
22 Modern Architecture in the U.S.A.: Immigration and Consolidation 395
23 Form and Meaning in the Late Works of Le Corbusier 417
24 The Unite D'habitation at Marseilles as a Collective Housing Prototype 437
25 Alvar Aalto and Scandinavian Developments 453
26 Disjunctions and Continuities in the Europe of the 1950 S 471
27 The Process of Absorption: Latin America, Australia, Japan 491
28 On Monuments and Monumentality: Louis I. Kahn 513
29 Architecture and Anti Architecture in Britain 529
30 Extension and Critique in the 1960 S 547
31 Modernity, Tradition and Identity in the Developing World 567
32 Pluralism in the 1970 S 589
33 Modern Architecture and Memory: New Perceptions of the Past 617
34 The Universal and the Local: Landscape, Climate and Culture 635
35 Technology, Abstraction and Ideas of Nature 657
Conclusion: Modernity, Tradition, Authenticity 685
Bibliographical Note 690
Notes 693
Index 720
Acknowledgements 735
Introduction 11
1 The Idea of a Modern Architecture in the Nineteenth Century 21
2 Industrialization and the City: The Skyscraper as Type and Symbol 33
3 The Search for New Forms and the Problem of Ornament 53
4 Rationalism, the Engineering Tradition and Reinforced Concrete 73
5 Arts and Crafts Ideals in Britain and the U.S.A. 87
6 Responses to Mechanization: The Deutscher Werkbund and Futurism 99
7 The Architectural System of Frank Lloyd Wright 113
8 National Myths and Classical Transformations 131
9 Cubism, De Stijl and New Conceptions of Space 149
10 Le Corbusier's Quest for Ideal Form 163
11 Walter Gropius, German Expressionism and the Bauhaus 183
12 Architecture and Revolution in Russia 201
13 Skyscraper and Suburb: The U.S.A. Between the Wars 217
14 The Ideal Community: Alternatives to the Industrial City 241
15 The International Style, the Individual Talent and the Myth of Functionalism 257
16 The Image and Idea of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye at Poissy 275
17 The Continuity of Older Traditions 289
18 Nature and the Machine: Mies Van Der Rohe, Wright and Le Corbusier in the 1930 S 305
19 The Spread of Modern Architecture to Britain and Scandinavia 329
20 Totalitarian Critiques of the Modern Movement 351
21 International, National, Regional: The Diversity of a New Tradition 371
22 Modern Architecture in the U.S.A.: Immigration and Consolidation 395
23 Form and Meaning in the Late Works of Le Corbusier 417
24 The Unite D'habitation at Marseilles as a Collective Housing Prototype 437
25 Alvar Aalto and Scandinavian Developments 453
26 Disjunctions and Continuities in the Europe of the 1950 S 471
27 The Process of Absorption: Latin America, Australia, Japan 491
28 On Monuments and Monumentality: Louis I. Kahn 513
29 Architecture and Anti Architecture in Britain 529
30 Extension and Critique in the 1960 S 547
31 Modernity, Tradition and Identity in the Developing World 567
32 Pluralism in the 1970 S 589
33 Modern Architecture and Memory: New Perceptions of the Past 617
34 The Universal and the Local: Landscape, Climate and Culture 635
35 Technology, Abstraction and Ideas of Nature 657
Conclusion: Modernity, Tradition, Authenticity 685
Bibliographical Note 690
Notes 693
Index 720
Acknowledgements 735
